Brief mit Reformplan der griechischen Regierung an den Präsidenten der Euro-Gruppe

Brief mit Reformplan der griechischen Regierung an den Präsidenten der Euro-Gruppe
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„Dear President of the Eurogroup,

In the Eurogroup of 20 February 2015 the Greek government was invited to present to the institutions, by Monday 23rd February 2015, a first comprehensive list of reform measures it is envisaging, to be further specified and agreed by the end of April 2015.

In addition to codifying its reform agenda, in accordance with PM Tsipras’ programmatic statement to Greece’s Parliament, the Greek government also committed to working in close agreement with European partners and institutions, as well as with the International Monetary Fund, and take actions that strengthen fiscal sustainability, guarantee financial stability and promote economic recovery.

The first comprehensive list of reform measures follows below, as envisaged by the Greek government. It is our intention to implement them while drawing upon available technical assistance and financing from the European Structural and Investment Funds.

Truly

Yanis Varoufakis

Minister of Finance

Hellenic Republic“

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Reformplan im Einzelnen
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I. Fiscal structural policies
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Tax policies – Greece commits to:
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• Reform VAT policy, administration and enforcement. Robust efforts will be made to improve collection and fight evasion making full use of electronic means and other technological innovations. VAT policy will be rationalized in relation to rates that will be streamlined in a manner that maximizes actual revenues without a negative impact on social justice, and with a view to limiting exemptions while eliminating unreasonable discounts.
(Was versteht man unter robusten Anstrengungen? Was verbirgt sich unter der Rationalisierung der Umsatzsteuer-Politik? Wie sollen negative Wirkungen konkret verhindert werden ?)

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Modify the taxation of collective investment and income tax expenditures which will be integrated in the income tax code.
(Modifizieren, ohne genau zu sagen, in welcher Weise und ggfls. mit welchen Ausnahmen, erscheint etwas dünn formuliert)

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Broaden definition of tax fraud and evasion while disbanding tax immunity.
(Auf die Ausweitung dieser Definition darf man gespannt sein)

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• Modernizing the income tax code and eliminating from it tax code exemptions and replacing them, when necessary, with social justice enhancing measures.
(Auch wieder hübsch allgemein dargelegt, wobei sich modernisieren immer gut anhört, was sich aber schnell ändern kann, sobald man ganz konkret wird. Auch mit dem Begriff ‚falls notwendig‘ läßt sich nicht wirklich etwas anfangen.)

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Resolutely enforce and improve legislation on transfer pricing.
(Auch keine eindeutige Ansage)

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• Work toward creating a new culture of tax compliance to ensure that all sections of society, and especially the well-off, contribute fairly to the financing of public policies. In this context, establish with the assistance of European and international partners, a wealth database that assists the tax authorities in gauging the veracity of previous income tax returns.
(Hier mag sich die Frage erheben, an welche konkreten ‚Partner‘ dabei gedacht wird)

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Public Finance Management – Greece will:
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• Adopt amendments to the Organic Budget Law and take steps to improve public finance management. Budget implementation will be improved and clarified as will control and reporting responsibilities. Payment procedures will be modernized and accelerated while providing a higher degree of financial and budgetary flexibility and accountability for independent and/or regulatory entities.

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• Devise and implement a strategy on the clearance of arrears, tax refunds and pension claims.

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• Turn the already established (though hitherto dormant) Fiscal Council into a fully operational entity.

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Revenue administration – Greece will modernize the tax and custom administrations benefiting from available technical assistance. To this end Greece will:
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• Enhance the openness, transparency and international reach of the process by which the General Secretary of the General Secretariat of Public Revenues is appointed, monitored in terms of performance, and replaced.

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• Strengthen the independence of the General Secretariat of Public Revenues (GSPR), if necessary through further legislation, from all sorts of interference (political or otherwise) while guaranteeing full accountability and transparency of its operations. To this end, the government and the GSPR will make full use of available technical assistance.

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• Staff adequately, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the GSPR and in particular the high wealth and large debtors units of the revenue administration and ensure that it has strong investigative/prosecution powers, and resources building on SDOE’s capacities, so as to target effectively tax fraud by, and tax arrears of, high income social groups. Consider the merits of integrating SDOE into GSPR.

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• Augment inspections, risk-based audits, and collection capacities while seeking to integrate the functions of revenue and social security collection across the general government.

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Public spending – The Greek authorities will:
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• Review and control spending in every area of government spending (e.g. education, defense, transport, local government, social benefits)

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• Work toward drastically improving the efficiency of central and local government administered departments and units by targeting budgetary processes, management restructuring, and reallocation of poorly deployed resources.

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• Identify cost saving measures through a thorough spending review of every Ministry and rationalization of non-salary and non-pension expenditures which, at present, account for an astounding 56% of total public expenditure.

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• Implement legislation (currently in draft form at the General Accounts Office – GAO) to review non-wage benefits expenditure across the public sector.

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• Validate benefits through cross checks within the relevant authorities and registries (e.g. Tax Number Registry, AMKA registry) that will help identify non-eligible beneficiaries.

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• Control health expenditure and improve the provision and quality of medical services, while granting universal access. In this context, the government intends to table specific proposals in collaboration with European and international institutions, including the OECD.

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Social security reform – Greece is committed to continue modernizing the pension system. The authorities will:
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• Continue to work on administrative measures to unify and streamline pension policies and eliminate loopholes and incentives that give rise to an excessive rate of early retirements throughout the economy and, more specifically, in the banking and public sectors.

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• Consolidate pension funds to achieve savings.

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• Phase out charges on behalf of ‘third parties’ (nuisance charges) in a fiscally neutral manner.

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• Establish a closer link between pension contributions and income, streamline benefits, strengthen incentives to declare paid work, and provide targeted assistance to employees between 50 and 65, including through a Guaranteed Basic Income scheme, so as to eliminate the social and political pressure for early retirement which over-burdens the pension funds.

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Public administration & corruption – Greece wants a modern public administration. It will:
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• Turn the fight against corruption into a national priority and operationalize fully the National Plan Against Corruption.

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• Target fuel and tobacco products’ smuggling, monitor prices of imported goods (to prevent revenue losses during the importation process), and tackle money laundering. The government intends immediately to set itself ambitious revenue targets, in these areas, to be pursued under the coordination of the newly established position of Minister of State.

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• Reduce
(a) the number of Ministries (from 16 to 10),
(b) the number of ’special advisors‘ in general government; and
(c) fringe benefits of ministers, Members of Parliament and top officials (e.g. cars, travel expenses, allowances)

(Endlich mal konkretere Ansagen)

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• Tighten the legislation concerning the funding of political parties and include maximum levels of borrowing from financial and other institutions.

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• Activate immediately the current (though dormant) legislation that regulates the revenues of media (press and electronic), ensuring (through appropriately designed auctions) that they pay the state market prices for frequencies used, and prohibits the continued operation of permanently loss-making media outlets (without a transparent process of recapitalization)

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• Establish a transparent, electronic, real time institutional framework for public tenders/procurement – re-establishing DIAVGEIA (a side-lined online public registry of activities relating to public procurement)

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• Reform the public sector wage grid with a view to decompressing the wage distribution through productivity gains and appropriate recruitment policies without reducing the current wage floors but safeguarding that the public sector’s wage bill will not increase

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• Rationalize non-wage benefits, to reduce overall expenditure, without imperilling the functioning of the public sector and in accordance with EU good practices

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• Promote measures to: improve recruitment mechanisms, encourage merit-based managerial appointments, base staff appraisals on genuine evaluation, and establish fair processes for maximizing mobility of human and other resources within the public sector

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II. Financial stability
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Installment schemes – Greece commits to
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• Improve swiftly, in agreement with the institutions, the legislation for repayments of tax and social security arrears

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• Calibrate installment schemes in a manner that helps discriminate efficiently between:
(a) strategic default/non-payment and (b) inability to pay; targeting case
(a) individuals/firms by means of civil and criminal procedures (especially amongst high income groups) while offering case
(b) individuals/firms repayment terms in a manner that enables potentially solvent enterprises to survive, averts free-riding, annuls moral hazard, and reinforces social responsibility as well as a proper re-payment culture.

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• Decriminalize lower income debtors with small liabilities

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• Step up enforcement methods and procedures, including the legal framework for collecting unpaid taxes and effectively implement collection tools

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Banking and Non-Performing loans. Greece is committed to:
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• Banks that are run on sound commercial/banking principles

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• Utilize fully the Hellenic Financial Stability Fund and ensure, in collaboration with the SSM, the ECB and the European Commission, that it plays well its key role of securing the banking sector’s stability and its lending on commercial basis while complying with EU competition rules.

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• Dealing with non-performing loans in a manner that considers fully the banks’ capitalization (taking into account the adopted Code of Conduct for Banks), the functioning of the judiciary system, the state of the real estate market, social justice issues, and any adverse impact on the government’s fiscal position.

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• Collaborating with the banks’ management and the institutions to avoid, in the forthcoming period, auctions of the main residence of households below a certain income threshold, while punishing strategic defaulters, with a view to:
(a) maintaining society’s support for the government’s broad reform program,
(b) preventing a further fall in real estate asset prices (that would have an adverse effect on the banks’ own portfolio),
(c) minimizing the fiscal impact of greater homelessness, and
(d) promoting a strong payment culture. Measures will be taken to support the most vulnerable households who are unable to service their loans

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• Align the out-of-court workout law with the installment schemes after their amendment, to limit risks to public finances and the payment culture, while facilitating private debt restructuring.

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• Modernize bankruptcy law and address the backlog of cases

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III. Policies to promote growth
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Privatization and public asset management – To attract investment in key sectors and utilize the state’s assets efficiently, the Greek authorities will:
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• Commit not to roll back privatizations that have been completed. Where the tender process has been launched the government will respect the process, according to the law.

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• Safeguard the provision of basic public goods and services by privatized firms/industries in line with national policy goals and in compliance with EU legislation.

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• Review privatizations that have not yet been launched, with a view to improving the terms so as to maximize the state’s long term benefits, generate revenues, enhance competition in the local economies, promote national economic recovery, and stimulate long term growth prospects.

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• Adopt, henceforth, an approach whereby each new case will be examined separately and on its merits, with an emphasis on long leases, joint ventures (private-public collaboration) and contracts that maximize not only government revenues but also prospective levels of private investment.

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• Unify (HRDAF) with various public asset management agencies (which are currently scattered across the public sector) with a view to developing state assets and enhancing their value through microeconomic and property rights’ reforms.

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Labor market reforms – Greece commits to:
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• Achieve EU best practice across the range of labor market legislation through a process of consultation with the social partners while benefiting from the expertise and existing input of the ILO, the OECD and the available technical assistance.

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• Expand and develop the existing scheme that provides temporary employment for the unemployed, in agreement with partners and when fiscal space permits and improve the active labor market policy programs with the aim to updating the skills of the long term unemployed.

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• Phasing in a new ‘smart’ approach to collective wage bargaining that balances the needs for flexibility with fairness. This includes the ambition to streamline and over time raise minimum wages in a manner that safeguards competiveness and employment prospects. The scope and timing of changes to the minimum wage will be made in consultation with social partners and the European and international institutions, including the ILO, and take full account of advice from a new independent body on whether changes in wages are in line with productivity developments and competitiveness.

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Product market reforms and a better business environment – As part of a new reform agenda, Greece remains committed to:
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• Removing barriers to competition based on input from the OECD.

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• Strengthen the Hellenic Competition Commission.

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• Introduce actions to reduce the burdens of administrative burden of bureaucracy in line with the OECD’s input, including legislation that bans public sector units from requesting (from citizens and business) documents certifying information that the state already possesses (within the same or some other unit).

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• Better land use management, including policies related to spatial planning, land use, and the finalization of a proper Land Registry

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• Pursue efforts to lift disproportionate and unjustified restrictions in regulated professions as part of the overall strategy to tackle vested interests.

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• Align gas and electricity market regulation with EU good practices and legislation

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Reform of the judicial system – The Greek government will:
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• Improve the organization of courts through greater specialization and, in this context, adopt a new Code of Civil Procedure.

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• Promote the digitization of legal codes and the electronic submission system, and governance, of the judicial system.

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Statistics – The Greek government reaffirms its readiness to:
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• Honor fully the Commitment on Confidence in Statistics, and in particular the institutional independence of ELSTAT, ensuring that ELSTAT has the necessary resources to implement its work program.

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• Guarantee the transparency and propriety of the process of appointment of the ELSTAT President in September 2015, in cooperation with EUROSTAT.

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IV. Humanitarian Crisis – The Greek government affirms its plan to:
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• Address needs arising from the recent rise in absolute poverty (inadequate access to nourishment, shelter, health services and basic energy provision) by means of highly targeted non-pecuniary measures (e.g. food stamps).

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• Do so in a manner that is helpful to the reforming of public administration and the fight against bureaucracy/corruption (e.g. the issuance of a Citizen Smart Card that can be used as an ID card, in the Health System, as well as for gaining access to the food stamp program etc.).

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• Evaluate the pilot Minimum Guaranteed Income scheme with a view to extending it nationwide.

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• Ensure that its fight against the humanitarian crisis has no negative fiscal effect.

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Anmerkung:
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siehe im Text
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Ihr Oeoconomicus
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Griechische Reformliste fertiggestellt (++update)

Griechische Reformliste fertiggestellt
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Offenbar hat die griechische Regierung die Liste mit Reformmaßnahmen bereits fertiggestellt und will diese in Laufe des Tages der Euro-Gruppe zuleiten. Die Euro-Finanzminister hatten diese im Gegenzug zur Verlängerung des Hilfsprogramms gefordert.

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Etwa sieben Milliarden Euro will die Athener Regierung bei Steuersündern und im Kampf gegen Korruption einnehmen.

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Am Dienstag wollen die Euro-Finanzminister beraten, ob das bisherige Hilfsprogramm für das Land um weitere vier Monate verlängert werden kann. Darüber muss anschließend auch der Bundestag abstimmen.

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Erst bei Abschluss können die auf Eis liegende Kredittranche von 1,8 Milliarden Euro sowie zugesagte Zinsgewinne der EZB aus griechischen Anleihen von 1,9 Milliarden Euro fließen.

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Die Chefin der CSU-Landesgruppe und Diplom-Volkswirtin Gerda Hasselfeldt hat davor gewarnt, im Schuldenstreit einen „faulen Kompromiss“ mit Griechenland einzugehen und rief dazu auf, die Reformpläne genauestens zu prüfen.

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Ihr Oeconomicus
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follow-up, 24.02.2015 – 07:00 Uhr
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Die Reformagenda der griechischen Regierung liegt trotz aller Ankündigungen zumindest offiziell noch immer nicht bei der Euro-Gruppe vor.
Varoufakis erneuerte seine Ansage, die Liste sei wie angekündigt am Montag den Brüsseler Verhandlungspartnern zugegangen. Seitens den Verantwortlichen der Gegenseite habe man jedoch darum gebeten, das „formale, offizielle Dokument“ erst am heutigen Dienstag zu übermitteln. Signifikante Gründe für diese Vorgehensweise wurden bislang nicht bekannt.
Aus dem griechischen Finanzministerium war jedoch zu hören, dass seitens der Euro-Gruppe um Nachbesserungen der Reformagenda gebeten wurde.
Varoufakis sprach in einem gestern Abend geführten Telefonat mit dem US-Fernsehsender CNN von einer sehr umfassenden Reformliste, die mit den Wahlversprechen durchaus kompatibel sei.

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Ihr Oeconomicus
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Nachtrag:
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Die Aktuelle Kamera Tagesthemen zeichneten in der 22:15 Uhr Sendung (ab Min. 6:51) die Ereignisse des gestrigen Tages nach:

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Wer sich erneut mit der rhetorischen Frage beschäftigen möchte, ob Griechenland noch zu retten ist, wird heute bei Phoenix von 10:45h-12:00h mit Argumentationshilfen beglückt.

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follow-up, 24.02.2015 – 10:30 Uhr
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Athener Liste ist da – EU-Kommission gibt sich zuversichtlich
Griechenlands Finanzminister Varoufakis hat die von den Geldgebern geforderte Liste mit Reformen vorgelegt.
Überzeugt das Konzept? Wird es reichen für eine Verlängerung der Finanzhilfen?
[…]
DW
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Dazu ein Phoenix-Interview mit dem Ökonomie-Versteher und Vorsitzenden des Auswärtigen Ausschusses im EU-Parlament, Elmar Brok, der mit oft gehörten, aber diskussionswürdigen Argumenten seine Sprechblasen illustriert:
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follow-up, 24.02.2015 – 13:00 Uhr
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Diese Reformen schlägt Griechenland vor
Die griechische Regierung hat die von der Eurogruppe verlangte Liste mit Reformplänen übergeben. Sie setzt vor allem auf Kampf gegen Korruption und Steuerhinterziehung.
[…]
DIE ZEIT
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follow-up, 24.02.2015 – 15:30 Uhr
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Euro-Finanzminister akzeptieren Griechenland-Plan
Einer Verlängerung des Hilfsprogramms für Griechenland dürfte nichts mehr im Weg stehen: Die Euro-Finanzminister haben die Reformpläne der Regierung in Athen angenommen.
[…]
Die Zeit

Tsipras: New Greek deal ‚more important for Europe than for Greece‘

Tsipras: New Greek deal ‚more important for Europe than for Greece‘
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The temporary four-month extension of its bail-out that Greece reached with the institutions of the IMF, ECB and European Commission is „more important for Europe rather than Greece itself,“ Greek PM Alexis Tsipras declared in a televised address on the national television, Saturday.

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Alexis Tsipras, Greek Prime Minister (in Greek):

„Twenty days ago, we received a country on the brink of the cliff, with empty coffers and a liquidity deficit. At the same time it was trapped in a deliberately tight timetable, because some people were planning ahead for an anti-memorandum parenthesis, disregarding the effect of their plans on the already weary economy and on a country looted by memoranda. Yesterday we cancelled their plans. We deterred the plan of blind, conservative forces -inside and outside the country- to asphyxiate Greece on February 28th. We kept Greece dignified and on her feet. And we have proven that Europe is a field of negotiations and mutually viable compromises, not a field of extermination, submission and blind punishment. From that point of view, yesterday was more important for Europe rather than Greece itself.“

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Zeichnet sich bei den Verhandlungen mit der Euro-Gruppe ein Durchbruch ab ?

Zeichnet sich bei den Verhandlungen mit der Euro-Gruppe ein Durchbruch ab ?
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Wie EU-Diplomaten berichten, soll während Vorgesprächen zum Euro-Finanzministertreffen eine gewisse Unterstützung für einen Vereinbarungsvorschlag erkennbar geworden sein.

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Unter Berufung auf Athener Regierungskreise berichtete der griechische TV-Sender Skay ebenfalls von einer ersten Einigung und erwähnte dabei ein Dokument, auf welches sich „wichtige Verhandlungsteilnehmer“ geeinigt hätten und das nunmehr unter den Finanzministern verteilt werde.

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Im Laufe des Nachmittags war zu hören, Varoufakis habe den an die Euro-Gruppe gesendeten Antrag auf neue Finanzhilfen entgegen aller internen Absprachen ‚umformuliert‘. Dabei habe die Zusicherung gefehlt, dass die Finanzhilfen zu den Konditionen beantragt werden, wie sie die griechische Vorgängerregierung verabredet hatte.

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Offenbar habe sich Tsipras in Gesprächen mit Angela Merkel und Euro-Gruppen-Chef Dijsselbloem um Schadensbegrenzung bemüht und die Interpretation von Varoufakis ‚als administrativen Fehler‘ bezeichnet.

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Ein Schelm, wer hieraus den Eindruck gewinnt, dass hier zur Gesichtswahrung aller Beteiligten, zwischen dem Premier und seinem Finanzminister ein möglicher Dissens herbeigebastelt wird.

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Wir werden sehen, ob es tatsächlich zu einem wie auch immer gearteten Einigungsprozess in einer Weise kommen wird, der nicht sofort Ansprüche bei anderen Mitgliedsländern, die sich ebenfalls auf dem Weg in die ökonomische Intensiv-Station befinden, auslöst.

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Jedenfalls scheinen die optimistischen Erwartungen von Tsipras nicht ganz so ausgeprägt zu sein, wie dies häufiger dargestellt wurde. Unter Berufung auf einen Regierungsberater soll, wie die griechische Zeitung „Kathimerini“ berichtet, Tsipras für den Fall, dass es nicht zu einer Einigung kommt, den EU-Ratspräsidenten Donald Tusk um einen EU-Sondergipfel für kommenden Sonntag bitten wollen.

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Ihr Oeconomicus
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follow-up, 20.02.2015 – 22:30h
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Greek aid extension agreed pending list of measures from Athens
Euro-area finance ministers reached a provisional deal intended to keep aid flowing to Greece in return for a commitment to continued economic reforms, buying time to work out the detail of longer-term Greek financing.
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Talks in Brussels between officials from the 19 euro-area finance officials concluded Friday evening with an agreement to extend bailout funds to Greece for four months. In return, Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras’s government must submit a list of reform measures it will undertake on Monday. Finance chiefs will then decide whether the Greek measures go far enough.
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“It’s an important first step,” Irish Finance Minister Michael Noonan told reporters after the meeting. “We’ll see if it’s enough on Monday night-Tuesday morning.”
[…]
Bloomberg – 20.02.2015 – 21:24
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Eurogroup statement on Greece
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„The Eurogroup reiterates its appreciation for the remarkable adjustment efforts undertaken by Greece and the Greek people over the last years. During the last few weeks, we have, together with the institutions, engaged in an intensive and constructive dialogue with the new Greek authorities and reached common ground today.

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The Eurogroup notes, in the framework of the existing arrangement, the request from the Greek authorities for an extension of the Master Financial Assistance Facility Agreement (MFFA), which is underpinned by a set of commitments. The purpose of the extension is the successful completion of the review on the basis of the conditions in the current arrangement, making best use of the given flexibility which will be considered jointly with the Greek authorities and the institutions. This extension would also bridge the time for discussions on a possible follow-up arrangement between the Eurogroup, the institutions and Greece.

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The Greek authorities will present a first list of reform measures, based on the current arrangement, by the end of Monday February 23. The institutions will provide a first view whether this is sufficiently comprehensive to be a valid starting point for a successful conclusion of the review. This list will be further specified and then agreed with the institutions by the end of April.

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Only approval of the conclusion of the review of the extended arrangement by the institutions in turn will allow for any disbursement of the outstanding tranche of the current EFSF programme and the transfer of the 2014 SMP profits. Both are again subject to approval by the Eurogroup.

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In view of the assessment of the institutions the Eurogroup agrees that the funds, so far available in the HFSF buffer, should be held by the EFSF, free of third party rights for the duration of the MFFA extension. The funds continue to be available for the duration of the MFFA extension and can only be used for bank recapitalisation and resolution costs. They will only be released on request by the ECB/SSM.

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In this light, we welcome the commitment by the Greek authorities to work in close agreement with European and international institutions and partners. Against this background we recall the independence of the European Central Bank. We also agreed that the IMF would continue to play its role.

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The Greek authorities have expressed their strong commitment to a broader and deeper structural reform process aimed at durably improving growth and employment prospects, ensuring stability and resilience of the financial sector and enhancing social fairness. The authorities commit to implementing long overdue reforms to tackle corruption and tax evasion, and improving the efficiency of the public sector. In this context, the Greek authorities undertake to make best use of the continued provision of technical assistance.

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The Greek authorities reiterate their unequivocal commitment to honour their financial obligations to all their creditors fully and timely.

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The Greek authorities have also committed to ensure the appropriate primary fiscal surpluses or financing proceeds required to guarantee debt sustainability in line with the November 2012 Eurogroup statement. The institutions will, for the 2015 primary surplus target, take the economic circumstances in 2015 into account.

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In light of these commitments, we welcome that in a number of areas the Greek policy priorities can contribute to a strengthening and better implementation of the current arrangement. The Greek authorities commit to refrain from any rollback of measures and unilateral changes to the policies and structural reforms that would negatively impact fiscal targets, economic recovery or financial stability, as assessed by the institutions.

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On the basis of the request, the commitments by the Greek authorities, the advice of the institutions, and today’s agreement, we will launch the national procedures with a view to reaching a final decision on the extension of the current EFSF Master Financial Assistance Facility Agreement for up to four months by the EFSF Board of Directors. We also invite the institutions and the Greek authorities to resume immediately the work that would allow the successful conclusion of the review.

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We remain committed to provide adequate support to Greece until it has regained full market access as long as it honours its commitments within the agreed framework.“

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European Council – Council of the European Union – 20/02/2015 21:00 Statement and remarks 1100/15 Economy & finance
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Griechenland und Euro-Gruppe einig im Schuldenstreit
Beim Treffen der Finanzminister der Eurozone zu Griechenland hat es einen Durchbruch gegeben. „Es ist zu Ende und es gibt eine Einigung“, sagte ein Diplomat am Freitagabend.
[…]
FAZ – 20.02.2015 – 20:48 Uhr
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Diplomaten verkünden Einigung in Brüssel
Griechenland und seine europäischen Partner haben eine Einigung im Schuldenstreit erreicht. Das sagten Vertreter der Euro-Zone am Freitagabend bei einem Treffen der Euro-Finanzminister in Brüssel.
[…]
Focus – 20.02.2015 – 20:38 Uhr
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Griechenland und die Euro-Gruppe – „Wir kommen voran“
Nach stundenlanger Verspätung hat der Griechenland-Krisengipfel begonnen. Gibt es einen Durchbruch? Laut Diplomaten zeichnet sich zwischen Athen und der Euro-Gruppe ein Kompromiss ab – dieser soll schwere Kost enthalten.
[…]
Handelsblatt – 20.02.2015 – 20:13 Uhr
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Werden die Hilfen nur vier statt sechs Monate verlängert?
Die Finanzminister diskutieren nach Reuters-Informationen über eine viermonatige Verlängerung der Griechenlandhilfen.
Athens Finanzminister Varoufakis hatte in seinem Brief eine Verlängerung des „Abkommens zur finanziellen Unterstützung“ für sechs Monate erbeten, um eine griechische Pleite abzuwenden.
[…]
Focus – 20.02.2015 – 20:03 Uhr

Central Bankers‘ Worst Nightmares Are Unfolding in Greece

Central Bankers‘ Worst Nightmares Are Unfolding in Greece
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The situation in Greece boil down to the single most important issue for the finacial system, namely collateral.

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Modern financial theory dictates that sovereign bonds are the most “risk free” assets in the financial system (equity, municipal bond, corporate bonds, and the like are all below sovereign bonds in terms of risk profile). The reason for this is because it is far more likely for a company to go belly up than a country.

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Because of this, the entire Western financial system has sovereign bonds (US Treasuries, German Bunds, Japanese sovereign bonds, etc.) as the senior most asset pledged as collateral for hundreds of trillions of Dollars worth of trades.

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Indeed, the global derivatives market is roughly $700 trillion in size. That’s over TEN TIMES the world’s GDP. And sovereign bonds… including even bonds from bankrupt countries such as Greece… are one of, if not the primary collateral underlying all of these trades.

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Lost amidst the hub-bub about austerity measures and Debt to GDP ratios for Greece is the real issue that concerns the EU banks and the EU regulators: what happens to the trades that EU banks have made using Greek sovereign bonds as collateral?
[…]
zerohedge

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Anmerkung
Tja, lieber Herr Dr. Schäuble, ein toter Gaul reitet sich nun mal schlecht, allerdings sind weitere, letzte Zuckungen, vielleicht schon morgen, nicht auszuschließen.
Nehmen Sie doch einfach mal den Rat des griechischen Tierarztes an. Dabei sollten Sie es jedoch unterlassen, die große Eurobonds-Spritze aufzuziehen oder gar den Italian Stallion um weiteren Support (vulgo verbotene Staatsfinanzierung) zu bitten, sonst sehen wir uns ganz sicher an dieser Adresse.
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Ihr Oeconomicus
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Schäuble lehnt Antrag aus Athen ab

Griechenland-Rettung völlig offen – Schäuble lehnt Antrag aus Athen ab
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Deutschland stellt sich gegen den Athener Vorschlag zur Verlängerung von Finanzhilfen. Der Brief sei kein wirklicher Lösungsvorschlag, sagt der Sprecher von Finanzminister Schäuble. Nachbessern wollen die Griechen nicht.
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Handelsblatt

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Der Brief aus Athen im Wortlaut
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Hans-Werner Sinn im Interview:
„Griechenland hilft nur noch die Drachme“
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Hans-Werner Sinn, Präsdident des ifo-Insituts, befürwortet den Austritt der Griechen aus dem Euro. Mehr noch, er hält ihn für die einzige Option. Angst vor Auswirkungen auf den Rest der Euro-Zone, weist er zurück.
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Handelsblatt

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Eklat in Brüssel: Verhandlungen zwischen Euro-Gruppe und Athen gescheitert !

Eklat in Brüssel:
Verhandlungen zwischen Euro-Gruppe und Athen gescheitert !
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Bereits vor dem Treffen der Euro-Finanzminister rechnete kaum einer der Beteiligten mit einer Lösung für Griechenlands Schuldenproblem. Mit dem Scheitern der Verhandlungen zwischen der Euro-Gruppe und der griechischen Regierung ist nun eine der letzten Einigungs-Chancen vertan.
Wie aus Verhandlungskreisen bekannt wurde, soll Euro-Gruppen-Chef Jeroen Dijsselbloem einen Lösungsvorschlag von Yanis Varoufakis als unannehmbar abgewiesen und die Sitzung ergebnislos beendet haben.
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Somit ist Varoufakis zunächst nicht in die Antragsfalle (s. geleaktes Draft Eurogroup Statement on Greece) der Euro-Gruppe getappt, sondern hat im Sinne des griechischen Wählerauftrages verantwortungsvoll gehandelt, wofür er von den volldemokratischen Euro-Glycerin-Jongleuren keinen Applaus erwarten darf.
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Worum ging und geht es im hellenischen Pokerspiel ?
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Zur Einstimmung auf diese Frage zunächst einige bemerkenswerte ökonomische Einschätzungen von Yanis Varoufakis vor der richtungsweisenden Griechenland-Wahl, wobei davon auszugehen ist, dass ihm die in Verträge gegossene erzwungene Knechtschaft (s. vertiefende Dokumente) eines ganzen Volkes bestens bekannt waren und sind:
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Bereits am Sonntag hatten tausende Griechen der Regierung mit moralischer Unterstützung den Rücken gestärkt .. ein Bürgervertrauen, wovon so mancher Vorturner im Kreis der Europhanten bestenfalls zu träumen vermag.
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Tsipras und Co. wünschen sich von ihren Gläubigern auflagenfreie Überbrückungsfazilitäten, welche jedoch für die Euro-Gruppe und den IMF bislang unannehmbar sind.
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€ 172 Mrd. umfaßt das zweite Griechenland-Hilfsprogramm von EU, EZB und IWF, das in knapp zwei Wochen ausläuft und von welchem eine Tranche von rund € 7 Mrd. noch offen steht.
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Mit geschätzten € 8,5 Mrd. dürften die Wahlversprechen der Syriza zu Buche schlagen:
Stopp von Privatisierungen, Wiedereinstellung entlassener Staatbediensteter, Mindestlöhne, kostenfreie Krankenversicherung, Streichung der Immobiliensteuer, höherer Eingangssatz bei der Einkommensteuer, Steuerbonus für Fremdenverkehrsbetriebe, , uvm. (siehe Wahlprogramm).
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Um etwa € 1 Mrd. gingen im Januar die Steuereinnahmen des griechischen Fiskus zurück, etwa 20 % der erwarteten Steuersumme. Offenbar haben griechische Steuerpflichtige in Erwartung des Syriza-Wahlerfolges entsprechende Steuerzahlungen zurückgehalten. Dies ein Beleg dafür, wie schwierig sich die Berechnung der exakten Finanzierungslücken im hellenischen Haushalt darstellt. Schätzungen zufolge könnten die Mindereinnahmen zwischen € 10 – € 17 Mrd. liegen.
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Im Juni werden € 3,5 Mrd. benötigt, um zwei fällig werdende Anleihen zu tilgen.
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Seit Nov. 2014 haben griechischen Bankkunden ca. € 20 Mrd. von ihren Konten abgezogen, um im Falle eines Ausscheidens ihres Landes aus der Eurozone auf der sicheren Seite zu sein.
Sollte sich dieser Trend fortsetzen -und danach sieht es aus- geht den griechischen Banken das Geld aus, da die EZB weitere Liqudität nur dann zur Verfügung stellen will, wenn mit den Gläubigern eine Einigung erzielt wird.
Wie man in Insiderkreisen zu wissen glaubt, ist die Lage der griechischen Banken ohnehin hoffnungslos, da ca. 40% ihrer ausgelegten Kreditengagements insgeheim bereits als non-perfoming loans angesehen werden!
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Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte man sich die noch am 11.02. geäußerte Haltung des slowenischen EZB-Ratsmitglieds und Präsidenten der Banka Slovenije
„Im Moment ist die Zahlungsfähigkeit der griechischen Banken nicht in Gefahr“
auf der Zunge zergehen lassen!
Wow! .. entweder weiß der Mann offensichtlich sehr viel mehr als der griechische Finanzminister öffentlich einräumt, oder ihm sind die o.g. Darlegungen nicht präsent.
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Noch düsterer scheint sich die Situation der staatlichen Rentenkassen darzustellen. Inoffiziellen Schätzungen zufolge sollen dort mind. € 23 Mrd. an griechischen Staatsanleihen angehäuft worden sein. Ob dieser Umstand der griechischen Bevölkerung, die sich bereits im Rentenalter befindet oder darauf zusteuert, wirklich bekannt ist, sei dahingestellt.
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Das Emergency Liquidity Assistance Notprogramm, mit welchem die Athener Zentralbank die hellenischen Banken unterstützt, umfaßt zwischenzeitlich € 65 Mrd.
Das Programm ist an eine Zweidrittelmehrheit im EZB-Rates gebunden, welche bei fortführender Eskalation der Krise ggfls. nicht mehr zustande kommen könnte.
Da der Target-II Saldo der Deutschen Bundesbank im Januar um rund 55 Mrd. angestiegen ist, lässt sich vermuten, dass noch unter Führung der Regierung Samaras diese Ressource auf € 55 Mrd. ausgeweitet wurde.
Dieser Vorgang könnte ohne ausdrücklich dokumentierte Abstimmung mit dem EZB-Rat erfolgt sein und wurde, dieser These folgend, erst nachträglich am 05.02. von diesem genehmigt (entsprechende Rückschlüsse hieraus mag der geneigte Leser selbst ableiten), nur um am 12.02. mit weiteren € 5 Mrd. noch eine Schippe draufzulegen.
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Die spannende Kernfrage lautet: Wie finanziert sich Athen ab dem 1. März ?
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Dazu gibt es verschiedene Denkansätze:
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Um einen griechischen Euro-Austritt zu verhindern, von dem man lapidar behauptete, die daraus abzuleitenden Folgerungen locker schultern zu können, wird man über Konzepte nachdenken müssen, die nicht sofort zu gierigen Händen ebenfalls notleidender Euro-Mitgliedsländern führt und gleichzeitig die europäischen (vulgo deutschen) Steuerzahler schont.
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Hierzu könnte bspw. darüber nachgedacht werden, besonders heilige Kühe zu schlachten und
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– zum einen die kreative Position auf der Passivseite der EZB-Bilanz „Ausgleichsposten für vom IWF zugeteilte Sonderziehungsrechte“ aufzulösen (aktuelle Valuta, schlappe € 56,374 Mrd. (Stand 06.02.2015), die seitens des IWF unentgeltlich zugeteilt wurde (s. Geschäftsbericht der Deutschen Bundesbank für 2008, S. 144), d.h. es gibt keine Gegenforderungen und der Ausgleichsposten wurde künstlich geschaffen. Somit kommt dieser Position der Charakter eines außerordentlichen Bilanzgewinnes zu, der an die EZB-Gesellschafter (die nationalen Notenbanken) zu verteilen wäre.
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– zum zweiten findet sich eine weitere Bilanzposition „Ausgleichsposten aus Neubewertung“ die mit € 330,898 Mrd. (Stand 06.02.2015) ausgewiesen wird. Bei diesen Rückstellungen handelt es sich um Aufwertungseffekte von Gold- und Währungsbeständen sowie aus sonstigen Wertpapieren und sind einer extrem konservativen zentralbankspezifischen Bewertungspolitik geschuldet. Hier ließe sich ein Teil dieser Spielräume nutzen, um als Bilanzgewinn ausgewiesen zu werden und an die EZB-Gesellschafter auszuzahlen.
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Der Gesellschaftsanteil der griechischen Zentralbank an der EZB liegt bei 1,96%, was einen Anteil an den Rückstellungen und Ausgleichsposten von € 7,96 Mrd. ausmacht, allerdings nur dann, wenn der griechische Gesellschaftsanteil an der EZB nicht bereits verpfändet wurde, was bislang noch nicht zu ermitteln war. Dieser Betrag könnte aber annähernd der Zahl auf dem griechischen Wunschzettel entsprechen.
Dadurch wären jedoch bestenfalls die allerdringlichsten griechischen Finanzprobleme gemildert. Dabei darf man allerdings nicht ausschließen, dass seitens der Troika-Institutionen argumentiert werden könnte, man habe ja bereits die überproportional angefallenen Zinsgewinne ausgekehrt und müsse diese nun dagegen aufrechnen.
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Ungeachtet von zu erwartendem erheblichen Widerstand zu einem solchen Denkmodell seitens Draghi und Weidmann wird im Lichte dieser Betrachtungen deutlich, dass eine gewinnwirksame Auflösung der EZB-Rückstellungen zumindest für Griechenland keinen ernstzunehmenden Königsweg aufzeigt, während sich für die ökonomischen Hungerländer ein rechnerischer Vorteil von € 40,403 Mrd. (Italien) bzw. € 55,07 Mrd. (Frankreich) ergeben würde und sich unsere Schwarzen Nullen mit einem Anspruch von € 73,349 Mrd. reich rechnen könnten.
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Leider greift auch hier die Binsenweisheit „Wo viel Licht ist, findet sich auch viel Schatten„, insbesondere wenn man sich die EZB wie einen Schwamm vorstellt, der sich -wie losgelassen- mit toxisch anmutenden Staatsanleihen vollsaugt.
Als backup für daraus entstehende schmerzliche Verluste könnten bei einem Platzen der QE-Blase solche Rückstellungspolster quasi als Notfall-Kit für den mutwillig angerichteten Scherbenhaufen dienlich sein.
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Will man jedoch Griechenland tatsächlich an die Wand fahren lassen, sind höchst unliebsame Wechselwirkungen zu befürchten, auf welche angesichts der Komplexität im nächsten Beitrag einzugehen ist.
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Ihr Oeconomicus
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Ergänzung:
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Eurogroup meeting: Greek FinMin Varoufakis speaks after talks failure
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11/2/2015 – Euro-Group Meeting
Yanis Varoufakis talk in the 11th February 2015
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Auszug
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Press Conference Statement by Yanis Varoufakis
(immediately after the Euro-Group Meeting of 16th February 2015)
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„I am pleased to report that the negotiations were conducted in a collegial spirit, clearly revealing a unity of purpose – the purpose being to establish common ground, over the next 4 to 6 months, so as to reach a meaningful, sustainable new long term contract between Greece, official Europe and the IMF. Moreover, I have no doubt that they will continue tomorrow and the day after until there is an agreement.

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So, if this is so, why have we not managed to agree on a communiqué, a simple phrase, that will unlock immediately this period of deliberation?

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The real reason concerns a substantial disagreement on whether the task ahead is to complete a program that this government was elected to challenge the logic of – or to sit down with our partners, with an open mind, and re-think this program which, in our estimation, and in the estimation of most clear-thinking people, has failed to stabilise Greece, has generated a major humanitarian crisis and has made reforming Greece, which is absolutely essential, ever so hard.
Remember:
a debt-deflationary spiral does not lend itself to successful reforms, of the form that Greece needs in order to stop being dependent on loans from its partners and from the institutions.

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Last Wednesday, in the previous EG meeting, we turned down a pressing demand to subscribe to “extending and successfully concluding the current program”. As a result of that impasse, on the following afternoon (last Thursday, and prior to the Summit) EG President Jeroen Dijsselbloem and Greek PM Alexis Tsipras agreed on a joint communiqué to the effect that the two sides would explore “common ground between the current program and the plans of the new government for a New Contract with Europe.

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It was a genuine breakthrough, bridging over the current program and the new contract that we are seeking with our partners.

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This afternoon there was another breakthrough. Prior to the Eurogroup meeting, I met with Mr Moscovici, whom I want to thank for his highly positive role in this process, who presented me with a draft communiqué (see Annex 3 below) which, as I told him, I was happy to sign there and then – as it recognised the humanitarian crisis, and spoke of an extension of the current loan agreement, which could take the form of a [four-month] intermediate programme, as a transitional stage to a new contract for growth for Greece, that will be deliberated and concluded during this period. It also stated that the European Commission
would provide technical assistance to Greece to strengthen and accelerate the implementation of reforms, effectively replacing the troika.

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On the basis of this understanding between us and the Commission, we were more than happy to apply for the loan agreement to be extended, while we offered the following conditionalities:

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• Reiterate its commitment to the terms of its loan agreement to all our creditors
• Take no action that threatens to derail the existing budget framework or that has implications for financial stability

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Our only condition for the other side was that we should not be asked to impose measures that are recessionary – such as pension cuts or VAT hikes.

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Unfortunately, that fine document was replaced by the Eurogroup President, minutes before the Eurogroup meeting, with another document that took us back not even to last Thursday – but indeed to last Wednesday, when we were pressurised to sign up to an extension not of the loan agreement but of the programme itself, being offered only the nebulous two word phrase ‘some flexibility’. When asked what that meant, we got no concrete answer. ,
Did it mean that, over the next few months, pensions would be cut but not as much as originally prescribed? By none at all?

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Under those circumstances, it proved impossible for the Greek government, despite our infinite good will, to sign the offered communiqué.
And so the discussions continue. We are ready and willing to do whatever it takes to reach an honourable agreement over the next few days. Our government will accept all the conditions that it can deliver upon and which do not reinforce our society’s long crisis.

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No one has the right to work toward an impasse – especially one that is mutually detrimental to the people of Europe.“

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Annex 3 (Junker-Moscovici draft)
Annex 3 (Dijsselbloem draft here)
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Annex 3 (Junker-Moscovici draft)
(Παράρτημα I- Προσχέδιο Moscovici)
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15 Feb – close of business
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„Today, the Eurogroup took stock of the current situation in Greece, based on intensive dialogue between the new Greek authorities and the Institutions.

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The Greek authorities have expressed their commitment to a broader, socially just and stronger reform process aimed at durably improving growth prospects. In particular, the Hellenic Government commits to implementing long overdue reforms to tackle corruption and tax evasion, and upgrade the public administration. It announced its intention to take urgent action to ensure a fairer and more effective tax system and to contain the humanitarian crisis. It will ensure that any new measures do not reverse existing commitments and are fully funded. It will refrain from unilateral action and will work in close agreement with its European and international partners.

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Greece will fully respect its commitments to partners to ensure sound and sustainable public finances, by reaching and then sustaining sizeable primary balances. The feasibility of reaching the fiscal target for 2015 will be considered in light of evolving economic circumstances. Measures for reducing the debt burden and achieving a further credible and sustainable reduction of the Greek debt-to-GDP ratio should be considered in line with the commitment of the Eurogroup in November 2012.

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At the same time, the Greek authorities reiterated their unequivocal commitment to the financial obligations to all their creditors.

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The above forms a basis for an extension of the current loan agreement, which could take the form of a [four-month] intermediate programme, as a transitional stage to a new contract for growth for Greece, that will be deliberated and concluded during this period.
When considered useful, the European Commission will provide technical assistance to Greece to strengthen and accelerate the implementation of reforms.

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The Eurogroup invites the Institutions to continue technical work with the Greek authorities, including to identify intermediate financing needs, how they will be covered and the appropriate conditionalities.
The Institutions will report to the Eurogroup by 21 February.“

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Annex 3 (Dijsselbloem draft here)

„(Παράρτημα ΙΙ- Προσχέδιο Dijsselbloem)

16 February 2015 [14:45] – Preliminary and confidential

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[Draft] Eurogroup statement on Greece

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The Eurogroup reiterates its appreciation for the remarkable adjustment efforts undertaken by Greece and the Greek people over the last years. Over the last week, the Eurogroup and the institutions have engaged in an intensive dialogue with the new Greek authorities.

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The Greek authorities have expressed their strong commitment to a broader and deeper reform process aimed at durably improving growth and employment, prospects, [enhancing social fairness] and ensuring stability and resilience of the financial sector. In particular, the Greek authorities commit to implementing long overdue reforms to tackle corruption and tax evasion, and improving the efficiency of the public administration. At the same time, the Greek authorities reiterated their unequivocal commitment to honour their financial obligations towards all their creditors. The Greek authorities will make the most efficient use of the continued provision of the technical assistance.

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We discussed the policy priorities of the new government on the basis of work undertaken by the institutions and the Greek authorities. We welcomed that in a number of areas the Greek policy priorities can contribute to a strengthening and better implementation of the current financial assistance programme.

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The Greek authorities have indicated that they intend to successfully conclude the programme, taking into account the new government’s plans. In this context, we intend to make the best use of the existing built-in flexibility in the current programme.

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The Greek authorities gave their firm commitment to refrain from unilateral action and will work in close agreement with its European and international partners, especially in the filed of the tax policy, privatization, labour market reforms, financial sectors, and pensions.

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The Greek authorities committed to ensure appropriate primary fiscal surpluses and financing in order to guarantee debt sustainability in line with the targets agreed in the November 2012 Eurogroup statement. Moreover, any new measures should be funded, and not endanger financial stability.

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On this basis, the Greek authorities expressed their intention to request a six months technical extension of the current programme as an intermediate step.

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This would bridge the time for the Greek authorities and the Eurogroup to work on a follow-up arrangement.
We also agreed that the IMF would continue to play its role in this new arrangement. The Eurogoup is favourable disposed to such a request by the Greek authorities.

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Moreover, we were informed by the EC, the ECB and the IMF that it would be prudent to extend the availability period of the EFSF bonds in the HFSF buffer for six months, in parallel to the extension of the EFSF programme.

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The Eurogroup looks favourably at such an extension. Following a request by Greece, the EFSF can make the necessary arrangements.

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The Eurogroup emphasizes that these funds can be used for bank recapitalization and resolution costs and will only be released on the basis of an assessment by the institutions and a decision of the Eurogroup.

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We remain committed to provide adequate support to Greece until it has regained full market access as long as it honours its commitments within the agreed framework.“

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Anmerkung
Dies ist ein bemerkenswertes Beispiel von Transparenz, welches sich die Euro-Glycerin-Jongleure mit ihrer voll-demokratischen Hinterzimmer-Politik deutlich erkennbar hinter ihre schmutzig anmutenden Ohren schreiben sollten … und zwar sofort !!!
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Ihr Oeconomicus
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